Incidence, hospital costs and in-hospital mortality rates of surgically treated patients with traumatic cranial epidural hematoma

Background: In this study, the patients who were operated in two clinics due to traumatic cranial epidural hematoma (EDH) were assessed retrospectively and the factors that increase the costs were tried to be revealed through conducting cost analyses. Methods: The patients who were operated between 2010 and 2016 with the diagnosis of EDH were assessed in terms of age, sex, trauma etiology, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) at admission, the period from trauma to hospital arrival, trauma-related injury in other organs, the localization of hematoma, the size of hematoma, length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), length of antibiotherapy administration, number of consultations conducted, total cost of in-hospital treatments of the patients and prognosis. Results: Distribution of GCS were, between 13-15 in 18 (36%) patients, 9-13 in 23 (46%) patients and 3-8 in 9 (18%) patients. The reasons for emergency department admissions were fall from high in 29 (58%) patients, assault in 11 (22%) patients and motor vehicle accident in 10 (20%) patients. The average cost per ICU stay was 2838 $(range=343-20571$). The average cost per surgical treatment was 314 $. ICU care was approximately 9 times more expensive than surgical treatment costs. The mortality rate of the study cohort was 14% (7 patients). Conclusion: The prolonged period of stay in the ICU, antibiotherapy and repeat head CTs increase the costs for patients who are surgically treated for EDH

Incidence, hospital costs and in-hospital mortality rates of surgically treated patients with traumatic cranial epidural hematoma

Background: In this study, the patients who were operated in two clinics due to traumatic cranial epidural hematoma (EDH) were assessed retrospectively and the factors that increase the costs were tried to be revealed through conducting cost analyses.Methods: The patients who were operated between 2010 and 2016 with the diagnosis of EDH were assessed in terms of age, sex, trauma etiology, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) at admission, the period from trauma to hospital arrival, trauma-related injury in other organs, the localization of hematoma, the size of hematoma, length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), length of antibiotherapy administration, number of consultations conducted, total cost of in-hospital treatments of the patients and prognosis.Results: Distribution of GCS were, between 13-15 in 18 (36%) patients, 9-13 in 23 (46%) patients and 3-8 in 9 (18%) patients. The reasons for emergency department admissions were fall from high in 29 (58%) patients, assault in 11 (22%) patients and motor vehicle accident in 10 (20%) patients. The average cost per ICU stay was 2838 $(range=343-20571$). The average cost per surgical treatment was 314 $. ICU care was approximately 9 times more expensive than surgical treatment costs. The mortality rate of the study cohort was 14% (7 patients).Conclusion: The prolonged period of stay in the ICU, antibiotherapy and repeat head CTs increase the costs for patients who are surgically treated for EDH

Internet of things (IoT) based transformer monitoring system

YÖK Tez No: 586531Günümüzde teknolojinin hızla gelişmesi izleme sistemlerinde akıllı sistem çözümlerini de beraberinde getirmiştir. Akıllı teknolojiler ile birlikte transformatörlerdeki farklı parametrelerin uzaktan izlenmesi, analiz edilmesi, transformatör hakkında bilgi edinilip gerekli önlemlerin önceden alınması ve operatörlerin uyarılması olanaklı hale gelmiştir. Bu tez çalışmasında Nesnelerin İnterneti (IoT) tabanlı bulut sistemi ile düşük maliyetli modüler bir sistem tasarımı hedeflenmiştir. Sistemde kullanımı kolay olan, açık kaynak kodlu Arduino Mega 2560 mikrodenetleyicisi kullanılmıştır. Modüler sistem tasarımı ile sensörlerden alınan sargı sıcaklığı, yağ sıcaklığı, ortam sıcaklığı, akım ve yağ seviyesi gibi parametreler izlenmiştir. Sürekli izlenen parametrelerin yanı sıra sargı sıcaklığından yola çıkarak IEEE standardına uygun şekilde transformatörün yalıtım yaşlanma düzeyi hesaplanmış ve buna bağlı olarak kalan servis ömrü kestirilmiştir. Sensörlerden alınan ve hesaplanan değerlerin kablosuz modül ile ThingSpeak web arayüzüne gerçek zamanlı olarak aktarılması sağlanmıştır. Diğer taraftan aynı veriler hafıza kartına zaman bilgisi ile kaydedilmiş ve tasarlanan sistem üzerindeki ekranda gösterilmiştir. Opsiyonel olarak kullanılan 4-20mA/0-5V dönüştürücü modül ile farklı sensörlerin sisteme entegresi olanaklı hale getirilmiştir. Sensörlerden alınan parametrelerin değişimlerine göre başka bir aygıtın kontrolünün sağlanması için röle modülü kullanılmıştır. Ücretsiz bir platform olan Pushingbox uygulaması sisteme entegre edilerek sensörden alınan verilerin kritik değer aralıklarında veya kritik değer aşımlarında tanımlı olan mobil cihaza ve bilgisayara uyarı mesajı gönderilmesi sağlanmıştır. Tasarlanan modüler yapılı sistem prototip deney transformatörü için denenmiştir.Nowadays, thanks to the rapid development of technology it has brought smart system solutions in monitoring systems. With this intelligent technology, different parameters in transformers can be monitored and analyzed remotely. These analyzes provide information about the transformer and allow the necessary measures to be taken in advance and to warn the user. In this thesis, a modular system design which supports the Internet of Things-based (IoT) low cost cloud system is aimed. The easy-to-use Arduino Mega 2560 micro controller card that supports multiple analog and digital inputs / outputs is used in the system. Parameters such as ambient, oil and environment temperatures, current and oil levels which are taken from sensors through modular system design are monitored. While the Standard parameters are being monitored, there remaining service life of the transformer is calculated from the winding temperature. The data received from the sensors is intended to be transferred to the ThingSpeak web interface in real time, which is compatible with the wireless module. On the other hand, it is ensured that the sensor data is recorded in real time on the memory card and displayed on the screen on the designed system. With the optional 4-20mA / 0-5V module, the integration of sensors with 4-20mA output of different types is facilitated. Relay is used to control another device according to the parameters received from the sensors. Data which are taken from sensor are ensured the described mobile device and computer at critical value limit or overrun to be sent a warning message by integrating Pushing Box application, a free platform, into the system. The designed modular system is used in the prototype experiment transformer

An Internet of Things (IoT) based Monitoring System for Oil-immersed Transformers

While the electricity power industry in the world continues to grow, it also becomes more traceable and smart with the developing technology. Naturally, the integration of these technologies into the electrical power systems brings with an additional cost. Most of the time producers and consumers struggle under the pressure of these additional costs and try new products that will reduce the cost. In this sense, competitive products in the market must be advantageous in terms of cost. In this study, an original IoT based transformer monitoring system has been developed by using open source software, modular and low cost components as an alternative to studies in literature. Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller has been used as the main component in the system. The system can acquire data from a wide variety of sensors using internal and external transducers. And this data can be saved to the cloud system synchronously with the memory card on the monitoring system. The developed monitoring system has been utilized free and reliable platforms such as the ThingSpeak web interface and PushingBox Notification application. The all test process of the developed monitoring system has been carried out in the laboratory environment on a porotype transformer

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of cobalt(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) coordination polymers with 2,2 '-dimethylglutarate and 1,2-bis (4-pyridyl)ethane

The mixed-ligand coordination polymers containing 2,2'-dimethylglutarate (dmg) and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl) ethane (dpetan) ligands, [Co(mu(3)-dmg)(mu-dpetan)](n) (1), [Ni-2(mu-dmg)(2) (H2O)(2) (mu-dpetan)(2)](7), (2) and [Zn(mu-dmg)(H2O)(mu-dpetan)(0.5)](n) (3), were synthesized through a hydrothermal method and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complexes 1 and 2 are a two-dimensional (2D) structures, in which Co (II) or Ni(II) ions were bridged by dmg and dpetan ligands. Complex 3 exhibits a one-dimensional (1D) ladder-like structure, which is further extended in 2D through hydrogen bonding interactions. dmg ligand exhibits three different coordination modes in 1-3 and the coordination mode in the complex 2 has been unprecedented up to now. The thermal properties of the complexes were investigated. Moreover, photoluminescence property of complex 3 was recorded in the solid state at the room temperature. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Density-aware cell zooming

Ultra-dense deployments and mobile cells significantly change cellular networking paradigm. Infrastructure and topology of cellular networks become dynamic as opposed to legacy systems where the infrastructure is assumed to be stationary. As topology morphs, base station or user density of networks also change impacting the performance in terms of resource utilization and quality of service. To increase network capacity, preserve coverage and conserve energy, network density should be considered in communication stacks to make the network density-aware and -adaptive. In this work, we analyze the impact of density on network outage in cellular networks. We propose a novel cell zooming technique at run-time considering network outage and density jointly with a three-dimensional base station density estimator

Three dimensional manganese(II) coordination polymers constructed from 2,2-dimethylglutarate and bis(pyridyl) type ligands

Hydrothermal reactions of Mn(CH3COO)(2)center dot 4H(2)O and 2,2-dimethylglutaric acid (H(2)dmg) in the presence of pyridyl group ligands (4,4'-bipyridine (bipy) or 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene (dpeten)) are produced under the same conditional. Two new three dimensional coordination polymers, namely, [Mn-2(mu(4)-dmg)-(mu(4)-dmg)(mu-bipy)](n), (1), and [Mn-2(mu(4)-dmg)(mu(4)-dmg)(mu-dpeten)](n) (2), were characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, single crystal and powder X-ray diffractions as well as thermal analysis techniques. The X-ray single crystal data exhibits that 1 displays 3D framework without interpenetrating, whereas 2 shows a 2-fold 3D -> 3D interpenetrating structure. The dmg anions coordinate to Mn(II) ions as a chelate and bis-bridging ligand to form 1D chain. The adjacent 1D chains are connected by bipy or dpeten ligands to generate 3D frameworks. Additionally, the dmg ligand exhibits two unprecedented coordination modes. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved